Strengthening Rule of Law

Introduction

‘Strengthening the Rule of Law and Justice in Libya’ is a multi-year project implemented by UNDP Libya working to pave the way towards effective, inclusive, and responsive rule of law, security, and justice institutions. The project is funded by the Italian Government, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the European Union, the Swiss government, and UNDP. The project works closely with the Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Interior, The Attorney General’s Office and other key stakeholders in the justice and security system.

The Rule of Law project embeds two key sub-components that contribute to the project’s overall efforts to strengthen justice, protection and accountability for children, women, and the family of missing persons in Libya.

1. Addressing the File of Missing Persons

In collaboration with UNSMIL, the initiative is funded by the Kingdom of the Netherlands and has two primary objectives: first, to empower victims and their families to engage in transitional justice initiatives and access to justice and security services, and second, to strengthen the capacities of security and justice sector actors to enhance the responsiveness and accountability of security and justice institutions in preventing gross human rights violations.  

The initiative’s main counterparts include the Attorney General’s Office, the General Authority for Search and Identification of Missing Persons, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Interior, and General Authority for the Care of Martyrs, Missing Persons, and Amputees.

2. Developing Juvenile Justice Phase II

Developing Juvenile Justice in Libya Phase II is a joint initiative of UNDP, UNODC, and UNICEF funded by the European Union and designed to support Libyan authorities in aligning national juvenile justice legislation and practices with international standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).

Building on the progress and lessons learned from Phase I, the project strengthens institutional capacities, improves protection and rehabilitation services for children in contact with the law, and promotes a more effective, child centered, and rights based juvenile justice system in Libya.

The joint initiative works closely with the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Interior and The General Authority for the Social Solidarity Fund. 

Objectives

The strengthening the Rule of Law and Justice in Libya project focuses on three main objectives:

1. Establishing responsive institutions: collaborating with key government institutions to ensure transparent, effective, and efficient justice system nationwide.

2. Increasing communities’ access to justice and security: enhancing access to justice and security through legal aid, capacity-building and public awareness-raising with a focus on women, children, relatives of missing persons and other vulnerable groups.

3. Creating conducive environment to strengthening the rule of law: partnering with national and local government actors, CSOs, and youth and women’s networks to improve key legislation and legal framework that promote and respect human rights. 

Approach

The project applies people-centered approach to justice, ensuring that support provided to the government institutions (as well as non-government) are tailored to the reality and the needs of the people in Libya, especially women, youth, the families of missing persons, and other vulnerable groups. The project also aims to empower the people by raising awareness of their rights, how to advocate for and claim them as well as by encouraging their participation in the rule of law and justice processes.

Taking into account the sensitivity of the file of Missing Persons, the project also adopts a victim- and rights-centered approach to transitional justice and reconciliation, prioritizing the needs of affected communities. Given the complexity of the missing persons file, particularly in conflict and post-conflict settings, the project adopts an approach rooted in inclusivity and the Do No Harm principle.

Implementing the project in the highly dynamic and fast-changing political setting such as Libya requires an adaptive management approach, allowing flexibility and effective responses to challenges and opportunities.

Achievements

Since the inception of the project in 2022 and until mid-2026, the project has achieved key milestones: 

  1. Advanced transitional justice process and reconciliation. UNDP and UNSMIL supported the submission of a final draft of the reconciliation law to the House of Representative (HoR) in November 2024. Working closely with the HoR, the Libyan Presidential Council (PC), and the High Council of State (HCS), UNDP facilitated a meeting to align the draft with international standards and best practices of transitional justice. While challenges remain regarding the law’s adoption, this marks a significant step towards accountability. The UN will continue to advocate for the implementation of a transitional justice process that addresses victims’ grievances and promotes their right to truth, justice, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition.
  2. Finalized Legal Framework on Missing Persons. Building on the extensive consultations and a mapping of Libya’s legal landscape, the Legal Committee, facilitated by UNDP and UNSMIL, reached consensus on the comprehensive legal framework for addressing missing persons. The adoption of this law by the Parliament would mark a significant milestone toward victim-centered and rights-based framework that will strengthen Libya’s capacity to search for, identify, and account for missing persons, while supporting broader transitional justice, accountability, and reconciliation efforts.
  3. Strengthened the capacity of national stakeholders to improve service delivery. Capacity building is at the core of the project’s objective to ensure long lasting and meaningful change. To date, the project has enhanced the capacity of more than 200 personnels through trainings, workshops, study visits, and peer learning opportunities. The efforts have targeted key national institutions, including the Ministry of Justice (MoJ), the Criminal Research and Training Center (CRATC), the General Authority for the Search and Identification of Missing Persons (GASIMP), the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), the Judicial Expertise and Research Center (JERC) and other relevant stakeholders. The increased knowledge and skills in areas including forensic investigation, human rights monitoring, training methodologies, and other expertise have contributed to improving the quality of public service delivery in Libya.  
  4. Improved the institutional and operational capacity of national stakeholders. Through the rehabilitation of the library and three classrooms of the Technical School of the Ministry of Interior, the project narrowed the gap in training infrastructure and improved institutional capacity. These improvements enhance the training conditions and operationalize the school by providing a functional and conducive learning environment for trainees. Additionally, the project also improved the effectiveness of JERC with the provision of specialized equipment, including X-ray Flat Panel Detector and one set of Sperm CASA Microscope for DNA identification.
  5. Improved condition in Jdaida women prison. The project established a vocational training center at Jdaida Women’s Prison to support correctional and reintegration efforts. Through a Training of Trainers (ToT) approach, five sewing trainers were  and subsequently trained 17 inmates. Additionally, an IT training program conducted from May to August 2024, equipped 12 beginners with essential computer skills. The interactive nature of the training ensured that participants gained practical, hands-on knowledge.
  6. Improved the Bar Associations. As part of the effort to enhance skills and improve access to the job market, the project increased the confidence of 73 female junior lawyers. The beneficiaries come from different part of the country including, Tripoli, Benghazi, Al Bayda, Ajdabiya, and Al-Zawiya. They strengthened their capacities in technical areas such as international human rights standards and code of professional ethics as a lawyer.
  7. Initiated the First Ever Business and Human Rights initiative in Libya. The Conference on Business and Human Rights, organized by UNDP in collaboration with the Ministry of Justice in 2025, pioneered a national dialogue on the increasing importance of human rights related to business operations. The event was Libya’s first-ever platform bringing together key stakeholders, government, private sector, academia, youth, CSOs, and international partners. The conference raised awareness of the participants on the human rights mechanisms, corporate due diligence and workers’ rights. Building on the momentum, and while recognizing the vital role of the energy and oil sector in Libya, UNDP partnered with the EU, Italian Embassy, and Ministry of Oil and Gas, co-organized the Just and Sustainable Energy Transition in Libya Conference in September. The event advanced the policy dialogue allowing Libya to align its  energy transition efforts with global standards on environmental sustainability and human rights.
  8. Supported the Human Rights reporting process. The project, in collaboration with UNSMIL, and No Peace without Justice (NPWJ), supported Libya in its active and meaningful participation in the international human rights mechanism. Through workshops and facilitations, the support led to the finalization of the Common Core Document and five key overdue human rights reports, including the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), the Convention against Torture (CAT), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The reports have been submitted to MoJ during the International Day of Human Rights for further action. Beyond the technical support, the support strengthened the National Mechanism and Follow-up (NMRF) institutional capacity. It also reaffirmed the role of NRMF as a central platform for sustaining reporting efforts and highlighted the need to operationalize it further.
  9. In parallel, together with UNSMIL, UN Women, and NPWJ, the project team strengthened the capacity of Libyan CSOs to actively engage in the UPR process too. This effort led to the successful submission of three parallel reports focusing on (1) Women’s Rights, (2) Migrants’ Rights and Arbitrary Detention, and (3) Freedom of Expression and Association. Beyond the submission, the initiative marked a significant step in strengthening national ownership of international human rights mechanisms and expanding civil society’s participation in global accountability processes.  
  10. Establishment of CSO Network.  The National Network on Missing Persons was established by the adoption and signing of the founding bylaws and code of conduct in April 2026. The Network brings together organizations working across Libya on human rights and the issue of missing persons, with the aim of strengthening coordination, amplifying the voices of victims and their families, and contributing to ongoing efforts toward truth, justice, and reparations. The establishment of the Network marks an important milestone toward building a coordinated national movement capable of addressing the needs of families of missing persons for truth and justice, and ensuring that the fate of missing persons in Libya does not go unaddressed.  
  11. Engaged the families of missing persons. Applying the Do No Harm approach, the project has directly engaged with approximately 150 families of missing persons through a series of forums and consultations. These engagements provide a safe space for families to express their experiences, identify their needs and priorities for accountability. The inputs from these engagements have informed the design of project interventions including in monitoring, advocacy, and outreach related to the issue of missing persons.
  12. Raised awareness on the issue of missing persons. To foster public engagement and empathy, UNDP, in partnership with the National Council for Civil Liberties and Human Rights (NCCLHR), rolled out a nation-wide multi-media campaign on the issue of missing persons called Mafqoud (Missing). Through TV, radio channels, and social media platforms, the campaign gathered approximately 11,8 million views, raising awareness, reshaping perceptions of the missing persons issue across the county.
  13. Generated relevant knowledge products. The project generated several high quality knowledge products, including four comprehensive Rule of Law Assessments in the municipalities of Tripoli, Benghazi, Sebha, and Gharyan as well as a perception study on the issue of Missing Persons, a mapping of the legal framework addressing this issue, MHPSS handbook for practitioners, and The Rights of Families of Missing persons in Libya practical guide..  These evidence-based knowledge products have helped refine the project’s strategy to further align with the community needs of and the realities on the ground, especially those of the marginalized.

Impact

START DATE

June 2022

END DATE

December 2028

STATUS

Ongoing

PROJECT OFFICE

Libya

IMPLEMENTING PARTNER

United Nations Development Programme

DONORS

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

GOVERNMENT OF ITALY

GOVERNMENT OF NETHERLANDS

PER-CONGRESO DE LA REPUBLICA DEL PERU

UNDP Funding Windows

TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS

$11,530,643

DELIVERY IN PREVIOUS YEARS

2022$1,295,317

2023$862,803

2024$1,779,880

2025$2,097,958

2026$1,102,882

Full Project information