This report provides a roadmap for how South Africa can expand its marine conservation network through Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) to meet the Global Biodiversity Framework’s 30x30 target — conserving 30% of oceans and land by 2030.

South Africa currently protects 5.4% of its mainland Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The government’s 2030 target is 20%, with around 10% from Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and 5% from OECMs. This study identifies and assesses potential OECMs such as fisheries exclusion zones, penguin protection areas, and military no-go zones, which together could immediately add 1.27% coverage — a 23% boost to the current marine conservation estate.

Importantly, OECMs recognise and formalise areas already conserving biodiversity, often led by communities, small-scale fishers, or other actors, rather than imposing new regulations. This approach strengthens both conservation and livelihoods, building inclusive governance and cost-effective conservation.