Beijing, 6 May 2025 — Human development progress is experiencing an unprecedented slowdown according to a new report released today by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The report shows how Artificial Intelligence (AI) could reignite development.

Instead of seeing sustained recovery following the period of exceptional crises of 2020-2021, the report reveals unexpectedly weak progress. Excluding those crisis years, the meagre rise in global human development projected in this year’s report is the smallest increase since 1990.

The 2025 Human Development Report - "A matter of choice: people and possibilities in the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI)" analyses development progress across a range of indicators known as the Human Development Index (HDI), which encompasses achievements in health and education, along with levels of income. Projections for 2024 reveal stalled progress on the HDI in all regions across the world.

Beyond the alarming rate of deceleration in global development, the report finds widening inequalities between rich and poor countries. As traditional paths to development are squeezed by global pressures, decisive action is needed to move the world away from prolonged stagnation on progress.

"For decades, we have been on track to reach a very high human development world by 2030, but this deceleration signals a very real threat to global progress,” said Achim Steiner, UNDP Administrator. “If 2024’s sluggish progress becomes ‘the new normal’, that 2030 milestone could slip by decades – making our world less secure, more divided, and more vulnerable to economic and ecological shocks."

For the fourth year in a row inequality between Low HDI and Very High HDI countries continues to increase, according to the report. This reverses a long-term trend that has seen a reduction in inequalities between wealthy and poor nations.

Development challenges for countries with the lowest HDI scores are especially severe - driven by increasing trade tensions, a worsening debt crisis and the rise of jobless industrialization.

"Amidst this global turmoil, we must urgently explore new ways to drive development," Mr. Steiner said. "As Artificial Intelligence continues its rapid advance across so many aspects of our lives, we should consider its potential for development. New capabilities are emerging almost daily, and while AI is no panacea, the choices we make hold the potential to reignite human development and open new pathways and possibilities."

The report contains the results of a new survey that showed people are realistic yet hopeful about the change AI can bring.

Half of respondents worldwide think that their jobs could be automated. An even larger share—six in ten—expect AI to impact their employment positively, creating opportunities in jobs that may not even exist today.

Only 13 percent of survey respondents fear AI could lead to job losses. In contrast, in low- and medium-HDI countries, 70 percent expect AI to increase their productivity, and two thirds anticipate using AI in education, health, or work within the next year.

The report advocates for a human-centered approach to AI – which has the potential to fundamentally redesign approaches to development. The survey results show that across the world people are ready for this kind of ‘reset’.

The report outlines three critical areas for action:

• Building an economy where people collaborate with AI rather than compete against it
• Embedding human agency across the full AI lifecycle, from design to deployment
• Modernizing education and health systems to meet 21st-Century demands

Democratization of AI is already underway. Around one in five of survey respondents report already using AI. And two-thirds of respondents across lower human development countries anticipate using AI in education, health, or work within the next year. That makes closing electricity and internet gaps more urgent than ever, so no one is excluded from emerging possibilities. Yet, access alone is not enough: the real divide will hinge on how effectively AI complements and augments what people do.

"The choices we make in the coming years will define the legacy of this technological transition for human development," said Pedro Conceição, Director of UNDP’s Human Development Report Office. "With the right policies and focus on people, AI can be a crucial bridge to new knowledge, skills, and ideas that can empower everyone from farmers to small business owners."

China-specific data from the report

• China’s HDI continued to increase to 0.797 as of 2023, albeit it at a slightly slower rate than the average among countries in the high human development category.
• China’s HDI loss when factoring in planetary pressure rose to roughly 19.2% in 2023, higher than the average loss of 15.1% across the East Asia and the Pacific region.

"While China has continued to make progress in human development, the data shows the importance of accelerating and increasing investment into green, eco-friendly, and inclusive pathways," said Beate Trankmann, UNDP Resident Representative in China. "The national climate plans and commitments to be updated ahead of the Climate Conference in Brazil at the end of the year, as well as the 15th Five Year Plan are pivotal to translate commitments into actions and renew momentum for a just, low-carbon transition. Meanwhile, systematically continuing to leverage its expertise in cutting-edge technologies like AI — when deployed responsibly — can help China to drive low-carbon, inclusive progress at the speed and scale needed."

The full 2025 Human Development Report is available here. 

About UNDP: 

UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and the planet. Learn more at undp.org or follow at @UNDP.