Timor-Leste has introduced its Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) for the period from 2026 to 2035. This plan outlines an ambitious vision for a climate-resilient, low-carbon, and nature-positive future. Developed through a collaborative process that involved both the government and society, the new NDC reinforces the country's commitment to the Paris Agreement while taking into account the realities faced by one of the world's most climate-vulnerable nations.

As a Least Developed Country (LDC) and Small Island Developing State (SIDS), Timor-Leste contributes only a tiny fraction of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet faces some of the world's most severe climate impacts. Rising sea levels, prolonged droughts, destructive floods, food insecurity, and threats to coastal communities are already affecting lives and livelihoods across the country. 

Recognizing these challenges, NDC 3.0 places climate action at the center of national development. The strategy builds on achievements made under previous climate commitments while introducing a new level of ambition focused on resilience, sustainability, and inclusive growth. 

A defining feature of the new NDC is its organization around five strategic pillars:

• Climate Risk Governance

• Nature-Positive Growth and Transition

• Low-Carbon Development

• Adaptation and Resilience Building

• Loss and Damage

The establishment of Loss and Damage as an independent pillar highlights Timor-Leste's increasing concern regarding climate impacts that cannot be mitigated through adaptation alone, such as displacement, loss of livelihoods, and irreversible environmental changes.

The NDC presents a strong commitment to protecting and restoring nature as a foundation for sustainable development. Through large-scale ecosystem restoration, community forestry, mangrove rehabilitation, and biodiversity conservation, the country aims to strengthen natural defenses against climate change while improving livelihoods. The recently adopted Blue Economy Policy and Action Plan will support sustainable fisheries, aquaculture, marine conservation, and ecotourism, with a goal of protecting 30% of marine areas by 2030. 

At the same time, Timor-Leste is accelerating its transition to clean energy. The country has already achieved nearly universal electricity access and is expanding investments in solar power, battery storage, and other renewable energy solutions. NDC 3.0 also includes a target to expand access to clean cooking solutions to 50% of households by 2030, delivering benefits for public health, gender equality, and emissions reduction. 

Adaptation is a key priority. The Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) focuses on enhancing food and water security, implementing climate-smart agriculture, developing resilient infrastructure, improving healthcare systems, and preparing for disasters. Special attention is given to protecting vulnerable populations, including women, children, youth, individuals with disabilities, and rural communities.

The document also reflects Timor-Leste's commitment to a Just Transition, ensuring that climate action generates new opportunities while leaving no one behind. Investments in green skills, education, climate-resilient livelihoods, and community-led development will help create jobs and support long-term economic diversification.

Importantly, NDC 3.0 was developed through extensive consultations that involved government institutions, civil society, local communities, youth groups, women's organizations, academia, and the private sector. This inclusive approach ensures that climate action aligns with local priorities and strengthens national ownership of its implementation.

UNDP supported the development of the NDC through technical assistance and partnership with the Government of Timor-Leste and national stakeholders. The new climate plan demonstrates how vulnerable countries can pursue development pathways that combine resilience, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion. 

As Timor-Leste looks ahead to 2035, the NDC 3.0 sends a clear message: although the country contributes very little to global emissions, it is dedicated to taking action. Timor-Leste is focused on building a greener, more resilient future for its people while also contributing to global efforts to combat climate change.

Finally, the Government of Timor-Leste, through its Ministry of Tourism and Environment, has officially endorsed NDC 3.0 and submitted it to the UNFCCC, reaffirming its commitment to sustainable development, climate resilience, and a low-carbon future.