Since gaining its independence, Kazakhstan has been actively engaged in global efforts to combat climate change, demonstrating its commitment through participation in key international climate agreements. As a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) since 1995, the country reinforced its dedication by ratifying the Kyoto Protocol in 2009 and the Paris Agreement in 2016.
Recognizing the urgent need for transformative actions to mitigate climate change and build a resilient future, Kazakhstan has adopted the Strategy for Achieving Carbon Neutrality by 2060. This strategy integrates measures to decarbonize key sectors and promotes sustainable development in line with the country’s updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Kazakhstan has also implemented a national Emissions Trading System (ETS), the first of its kind in Central Asia, to deliver reductions in carbon emissions across key sectors and to attract clean technologies.
Kazakhstan’s efforts are further bolstered by significant investments in renewable energy sources (RES), energy efficiency, and sustainable land and water management. The country strives to achieve the set targets of expanding the share of RES in its energy mix, improving energy efficiency in buildings and industries, and enhancing climate-resilient agricultural practices. These initiatives are supported by national policies, including the Environmental Code and the Concept for Transition to a Green Economy, which provide a robust legislative and policy framework.
Despite these efforts, Kazakhstan faces considerable challenges stemming from its reliance on fossil fuels, the energy intensity of its economy, and the need for large-scale investments in low-carbon infrastructure and decarbonization. Kazakhstan emphasizes the importance of financial, technological, and capacity-building support from the international community and donor organizations to address these challenges.
This document highlights Kazakhstan’s progress, achievements, challenges, and future priorities in combating climate change. It underscores the country’s commitment to meeting its NDC targets, transitioning to a sustainable, low-carbon economy, and contributing to global efforts to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement.