The economic, fiscal and social impacts of the recent Middle East military escalation are expected to persist despite the June 18 Memorandum of Understanding between Iran and the United States. Since April, many developing economies have sought to shield households and businesses from rising energy costs through subsidies, price caps, tax reductions and demand-management measures.

The recent military escalation in the Middle East is exposing the structural vulnerabilities of the Arab States region. The estimates highlight a stark reality.

The 2024 Lebanon war began on 8 October 2023. This report presents comprehensive analysis of its immediate impacts and far-reaching consequences.The analysis is intended to inform the country’s immediate recovery plan and guide longer-term reform efforts to address the structural challenges Lebanon is facing.

As the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) assesses the impact of almost 14 years of conflict in Syria, it is important to note that the collapse of the previous regime at the end of 2024 may have opened a window of opportunity, placing Syria at the threshold of a new era.

One year into the Gaza war, the humanitarian crisis has reached a catastrophic level, with unprecedented casualties, widespread destruction and severe food insecurity.

This assessment indicates that the solid waste management system in Gaza has collapsed.

In November 2023, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) jointly released a brief, utilizing various analytical tools such as satellite damage assessments and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models based on a 2018 Palestinian social accounting matrix.

The war in Gaza has entered its third month. After a short humanitarian pause between 24 November and 1 December 2023, military operations have resumed with significant intensity.

The war in Gaza continues unabated well past its first month, leaving behind massive losses of life and infrastructure damage and forcing displacements of unprecedented scale.