This study assesses the economic and environmental viability of hydroponics as a sustainable agricultural innovation for Rwandan households, particularly those supported through the national zero-grazing and home biogas programmes. It provides a detailed cost–benefit analysis of small-scale hydroponic systems used to grow animal feed, highlighting their potential to improve food security, reduce pressure on land, and promote cleaner energy use.

The analysis compares traditional fodder production with hydroponic methods, demonstrating that hydroponics can reduce feed costs, enhance productivity, and generate positive returns on investment within a short period. The study also emphasizes co-benefits such as time savings for women, improved livestock health, and reduced deforestation from firewood collection.

By presenting both the financial and social benefits, the report makes a strong case for scaling hydroponics technology nationwide. It concludes with recommendations for policymakers and development partners to invest in capacity building, local material sourcing, and awareness campaigns to make hydroponics accessible and affordable for rural households.