This review examines existing literature on transgender people’s human rights and HIV vulnerability across the Asia-Pacific region. The focus in this report is mainly (though not exclusively) on lower income and middle income countries of the region. This is not to suggest that transgender people in more affluent countries do not experience challenges. On the contrary, they often find themselves excluded from economic opportunities enjoyed by others and end up facing many of the same challenges of survival as do trans* people in less developed economies.