This report presents the findings of a participatory ecosystem assessment conducted in the marshlands of southern Iraq, specifically in the governorates of Dhi Qar, Maysan, and Basra. The assessment was carried out through a field survey that sampled local Marsh Arab communities, encompassing diverse economic activities, age groups, and gender ratios. The primary objective of this assessment was to develop a comprehensive understanding of this unique and vital environment by capturing the perceptions of the population regarding their lifestyles, economy, social dynamics, and living practices over time, as well as their interactions with the natural history of the Iraqi marsh ecosystem.

Historically, the marshes reached their peak condition before the desiccation period, but they then suffered significant degradation during that phase. This was followed by a re-inundation phase, which has been further complicated by climate change, reduced water releases, scarce rainfall, and a subsequent loss of biodiversity—all of which have profoundly impacted the inhabitants and their traditional ways of life. These communities have traditionally depended on activities such as fishing, buffalo husbandry, and home industries utilizing reeds and papyrus that grow in the marshes.

The participatory assessment also identified the future needs of local communities, including infrastructure services, awareness programs to preserve marsh biodiversity, and the development of sustainable tourism. Furthermore, it highlighted the main challenges and issues facing the local population. This comprehensive data will enable stakeholders to design targeted initiatives that support the marsh environment, leading to improved community resilience, a stronger local economy, and better conservation of nature.