The analysis of nighttime light (NTL) satellite imagery can provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of Myanmar’s development trajectory and ongoing challenges, particularly post-2021. NTL data has proven to be an invaluable tool in highlighting the intricate interplay between economic activities, urbanization, and socio-economic conditions. The significant decline in NTL intensity post-2021 at all administrative levels and categories corroborates the severe economic downturn and regression in both urban and rural development. The NTL decline is also reflective of reduced access to affordable and reliable electricity, exacerbating socio-economic inequalities and human well-being, especially in conflict-affected areas.