Afghanistan is experiencing one of the largest return movements in recent years. More than 2.3 million people returned in 2025, many arriving with no savings, documents, or housing. Their arrival has placed heavy pressure on host communities, who were already struggling with poverty, limited jobs, and strained basic services.

At the same time, earthquakes, floods, and drought have damaged homes, clinics, and schools, slowing recovery and pushing families into further insecurity. Women and girls are facing the greatest challenges, with restricted mobility, limited access to services, and increased protection risks.

Yet, returnees bring skills, experience, and the determination to rebuild. With the right support, livelihoods, shelter, access to services, and space for women to participate, return can become an opportunity for stronger, more resilient communities.

The new UNDP report, From Return to Rebuild for Afghan Returnees and Host Communities, draws on data from the Whole of Afghanistan Assessment 2025, which surveyed 48,711 households, including 1,505 returnee families, to provide an in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities in Afghanistan’s areas of return.