The Arab States region has been experiencing unprecedented changes in weather and environmental patterns, which are expected to worsen in the coming decades. Already recognized as the world’s most water-scarce region, the Arab States region is predicted
to be among the first in the world to run out of water, making it particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

As temperatures are rising faster than the global average, the region has been experiencing more frequent, intense and prolonged drought. These dynamics are expected to exacerbate desertification and land degradation and increase the incidence of sand and dust storms, with devastating effects on livelihoods and food security.

This study seeks to address that gap by:

• Examining and unpacking the interconnection between climate change, displacement  and gender inequality in four countries in the Arab States region. In doing so, it aims  to examine if and how climate change intensifies pre-existing gender inequalities and  vulnerabilities in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Yemen, using both secondary sources and primary qualitative data, while highlighting existing gaps in evidence around the nexus;

• Reviewing and drawing lessons from selected UNDP projects that have addressed these interconnections in the four countries; and

• Providing recommendations for effective policymaking and programming, based on findings that could be applicable beyond the four countries