This Independent Country Programme Evaluation reflects on UNDP’s engagement in Eritrea across the 2017–2021 and 2022–2026 programme cycles, during a period of gradual development progress and evolving national priorities. The evaluation highlights UNDP’s role as a trusted and responsive partner, supporting institutional capacity, livelihoods, and climate resilience in a resource-constrained context. It also points to opportunities to strengthen scale, sustainability, and financing to deepen impact over time. The findings offer useful guidance to inform UNDP’s future support as Eritrea advances its development planning and long-term national goals.