Access to goods and services

Availability of affordable goods and services, including through private sector provision

Poor infrastructure (e.g. roads, telephones, electricity, water)

Government interested in increasing private sector provision of basic services

Corporate governance

Stock market discipline; presence of industry oversight bodies; government oversight bodies

Stock market regulator not effective; disclosure requirements for companies very weak

Government interested in modernizing legal regulations and structure for corporate governance

Transparency and accountability

Guidelines on transparency and disclosure; enforcement of rules, etc.

Lack of transparency, disclosure, and enforcement.

Standards and rules need to be established and enforced by appropriate regulatory bodies

Organizational efficiency

Managerial efficiency; organizational responsiveness

Good basic management skills but more access to modern knowledge needed

Private sector interested in knowledge sharing and transfer with international non-governmental and private sector bodies

Adaptability to change

How quickly do firms adapt? Are some sectors or industries slower to change?

Not particularly adaptable due to limitations in availability of good information

Government and private sector interested in improving availability of information by leveraging ICT

Quality of goods and services

Consumer perceptions of quality; business perceptions of quality of suppliers

Poor quality of both goods and services

Government and private sector interested in improving goods and services perceptions via trade shows and innovation

Government capacity

Efficiency of government in delivering services to private sector; quality of public agencies

Poor government service delivery. Example indicator: 1-2 years to start a business

Government reform needed to clarify rules, requirements, and enforce accountability