Anne Lauvergeon is a graduate of the Ecole des Mines and of the Ecole Normale Supérieure, holding a degree in physics. In 1983 she began her professional career in the iron and steel industry. In 1984 she directed European safety studies in the chemical industry for the Commissariat à l' Energie Atomique. From 1985 to 1988, she supervised utility underground activities in the Paris region. Ms. Lauvergeon was appointed Deputy Director of the General Mining Council in 1988. In 1990, she joined the staff of the President of France as Advisor for Economic International Affairs. In 1991 she became Deputy Chief of Staff in the French Presidency. In 1995, she became a partner of Lazard Frères & Cie in Paris. In March 1997, she was appointed Senior Executive Vice President of Alcatel Telecom. In July 1998 she became a member of the Executive Committee of the Alcatel Group. Since June 1999 she has been Chairperson and CEO of Cogema, and in July 2001 was appointed Chairperson of the Executive Board of CEA-Industrie.