The preparatory activities aim to establish a systematic data monitoring system for rural energy and to formulate a full size project to develop rural livelihoods through improved access to sustainable energy services. Access to sustainable energy will be critical for Cambodia to reach the Millennium Development Goals as well as the targets set in the National Strategic Development Plan for the reduction of fuel wood dependency and poverty. To plan an effective intervention for rural energy development, systematic baseline data for monitoring needs to be in place. A rural every balance sheet will capture the demand and supply of rural energy services and can be used as an effective tool to formulate a rural energy development strategy at both national and provincial levels.