NBSAP Guidelines & Information

Thematic Guidelines

Alien Invasive Species Sectoral
Integration Access &
Benefit Sharing Land Use &
Land Degradation

Environmental Economics Trade &
Environment

ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES

Guidelines and Reports on invasive alien species relevant to biodiversity planning
This section contains some of the most important and relevant sets of guidelines and reports which could be used as resource materials for national planning for invasive alien species.

A. The IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of Biodiversity Loss Caused by Alien and Invasive Species These guidelines have been formally adopted by the CBD CoP as providing the basic foundation upon which a national policy on invasive aliens could be prepared. As global guidelines, they would need to be adapted to suit the particular requirements of individual countries but they do provide a "bottom line" from which to get started. (Also available for download in French and Spanish)

B. The IPPC Guidelines for Pest Eradication Programmes (1998) This standard provides guidance on the development of a pest eradication programme and for reviewing the procedures of an existing eradication programme. In most instances, the pests considered for these programmes have newly entered the area where eradication is undertaken, and emergency eradication measures may be needed. However, eradication programmes may also be directed toward established exotic pests or indigenous pests in defined areas. 17 pages. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Rome, Italy.

C. The IPPC Code of Conduct of the Import and Release of Exotic Biological Control Agents (1996) The Code of Conduct for the Import and Release of Exotic Biological Control Agents lists the responsibilities of the authorities of governments, and the responsibilities of the exporters and importers of biological control agents. The Code addresses the importation of exotic biological control agents capable of self-replication (parasitoids, predators, parasites, phytophagous arthropods and pathogens) for research and/or release into the environment including those packaged or formulated as commercial products. 22 pages. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) , Rome, Italy.

D. The IUCN Guidelines for Re-introductions (1995) Drafted by the Re-introduction Specialist Group of the IUCN's Species Survival Commission, in response to the increasing occurrence of re-introduction projects worldwide, and consequently, to the growing need for specific policy guidelines to help ensure that the re-introductions achieve their itended conservation benefit, and do not cause adverse side-effects of greater impact. These guidelines are intended to act as a guide for procedures useful to re-introduction programmes and do not represent an inflexible code of conduct. (Also available in Spanish and French)

E. Guide to Monitoring Exotic and Invasive Plants (1997) Produced by Eric Haber (National Botanical Services) for the Ecological monitoring and Assessment Network, Environment Canada.

6. GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF SHIPS' BALLAST WATER TO MINIMIZE THE TRANSFER OF HARMFUL AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND PATHOGENS (1998 edition) IMO-661E
The danger that potentially damaging organisms will be transferred between ports in ships' ballast water has been recognized for many years, and committees of IMO have produced guidelines on how to avoid it. Some of the methods used to exchange contaminated ballast water for clean water while a vessel is at sea themselves entai dangers, and these were addressed in MSC and MEPC circulars in June 1997. This publication contains the latest of the guidelines on avoiding the spread of potentially dangerous or damaging organisms. They were adopted by the IMO Assembly in November 1997 by resolution A.868(20), which superseded resolution A.774(18) of November 1993, Guidelines for Preventing the Introduction of Unwanted Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens from Ship's Ballast Water and Sediment Discharges). International Maritime Organisation (IMO). For purchase information, contact: info@imo.org

Regional Reports

Draft Invasive Species Strategy for the Pacific Islands Region (10 pages Word)
(Excerpt)
BACKGROUND
Pacific Island countries are particularly vulnerable to the effects of invasive species. After habitat destruction or modification, invasive species are responsible for more species extinction than any other cause. Further, the rate of extinction of native species has been higher on islands than anywhere else in the world. Invasive species have also degraded native ecosystems. Mitigation of the effects of invasive species on biodiversity is best co-ordinated regionally. In response to this need, the New Zealand government funded an Invasive Species Programme managed by SPREP for three years starting September 1998, with the intention of extending funding for another three years after 2001. One of the objectives of the invasive species programme (agreed to by SPREP member countries) was to develop a strategy for invasive species for use by all countries and relevant agencies in the region. Thus this strategy is intended for use over five years from October 1999.

SECTORAL INTEGRATION

English: Guide to Developing a Biodiversity Strategy from a Sustainable Development Perspective

French: Guide de planification strategique de la biodiversite dans une perspective de developpement durable

Spanish: Guia para Desarrollar una Estrategia de Biodiversidad desde una Perspectiva de Desarrollo Sostenible

Full pdf file including cover pages:

ENGLISH (size 2.16MB)

FRENCH (size 2.14 MB)

SPANISH (size 2.23 MB)

Send an e-mail to BPSP to request a file be e-mailed to you
Shorter pdf file without cover pages:
ENGLISH (size 1.33 MB)

FRENCH (size 1.31 MB)

Back to top of page

ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING

FINAL DOCUMENT

Preparing a National Strategy on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing a pilot study by Kerry ten Kate & Adrian Wells, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Word pdf file

Draft Guidelines on Access and Benefit-sharing regarding the Utilization of Genetic Resources
UNEP/CBD/COP/5/INF/21

Swedish Scientific Council on Biological Diversity: "Fair and Equitable, Sharing the benefits from use of genetic resources and traditional knowledge", September 1999. (Marie Byström, Peter Einarsson, Gunnel Axelsson Nycander.) Word Document - 91 pages.

LAND USE AND LAND DEGRADATION

PLEC : Land Degradation - Guidelines for Field Assessment
These Guidelines are designed to provide assistance to those interested in collecting measurements and assessments of land degradation rapidly in the field. They have a particular emphasis on the effects important to land users and a special focus on dialogue with farmers who can not only advise on what is important to them but also give the field assessor a continuous monitoring capability which would otherwise be missed in occasional field visits. Primary consideration is given to small-scale rainfed agriculture in the tropics because this covers the majority of situations and the largest numbers of rural people. While large-scale commercial agriculture is not specifically mentioned and rangeland and wetlands only briefly so, the principles that apply throughout these Guidelines will be of assistance.

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS

1. Guidelines for the use of Economics Tools in Biodiversity Planning produced by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) (pdf documents)
Economic Measures for Biodiversity Planning: An annotated Bibliography of Methods, Experiences and Cases (1MB pdf)

A review of the literature on economic measures for biodiversity planningindexed by themes, region and country (73pp.)

Economic Tools for Valuing Wetlands in Eastern Africa This manual provides a set of methods for valuing the economic benefits of wetlands. The application of these methods is illustrated with case studies from the Eastern Africa region.

Economics and the Convention on Biological Diversity This short paper outlines the links between economics and the CBD, focusing on economic valuation, incentive measures, assessment and financing mechanisms. It provides a framework for integrating economic concerns into biodiversity planning.

Using Economics for Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans in Eastern Africa

This manual provides a framework and methodology for integrating economic concerns into NBSAPs, including economic policy analysis, valuation, cost and benefit distribution, incentive measures and financing mechanisms. The application of these methods is illustrated with case studies from the Eastern Africa region

Using Economic Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation
This document looks at the role of economic incentive measures in the CBD. It provides an overview of different types of incentive measures for biodiversity, illustrating each with case studies from around the world.

Community-Based Economic Incentives for Nature Conservation

This manual provides a framework for identifying, using and applying economic incentives measures to community based conservation. It also includes a list of relevant literature and a series of detailed case studies of the use of economic incentive measures for community nature conservation.

Business and Biodiversity: A Guide for the Private Sector

Economic Values of Protected Areas: Guidelines for Protected Area Managers Part I and Part II

FINANCING PROTECTED AREAS: Guidelines for Protected Area Managers

*****************************************

2. The USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Center for Environmental Economics (NCEE) Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analyses establish a sound scientific framework for performing economic analyses of environmental regulations and policies. They incorporate recent advances in theoretical and applied work in the field of environmental economics. The Guidelines provide guidance on analyzing the economic impacts of regulations and policies, and assessing the distribution of costs and benefits among various segments of the population, with a particular focus on disadvantaged and vulnerable groups.

Project Leader:Chris Dockins Tel: +1-202-260-5728; Fax: +1-202-260-2685/+1-260-5732 E-mail: dockins.chris@epa.gov
Send an e-mail to IUCN-EARO to request a file be e-mailed to you

TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT

A. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WT/CTE/W/155) 7 July 2000 (00-2800) Committee on Trade and Environment. UNEP STATEMENT AT THE INFORMATION SESSION WITH MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS (MEAS); Communication from UNEP on 5 JULY 2000
This 2 page document lays out UNEP's current position with regard to the interface between trade and environment.

B. UNEP/IISD (2000) Environment and Trade: A Handbook. The United Nations Environment Programme; Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, Economics and Trade Unit, and the International Institute for Sustainable Development. The primary aim of this handbook is to foster a broader understanding of the interlinkages between trade and environment. A continually updated online version the handbook is available at http://www.unep.ch/etu and http://iisd.ca/trade/handbook – these sites provide links to on-line articles and analyses that go into greater depth than the printed version, which is available via SMI Distribution Services Ltd (e-mail: Anthony@smibooks.com)

C. Nordström, Håkan and Scott Vaughan (1999) TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT. WTO SPECIAL STUDIES 4; Economic Research and Analysis Division of the WTO/Trade and Finance Division of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). A summary of this report may be found at the link and the full report (109pages; 1.3 MB pdf) can be downloaded from the same URL.

D. Abaza, Hussein and Robert Hamwey (2000) Integrated Assessment as a Tool for Achieving Sustainable Trade Policies. Keynote Presentation presented by Hussein Abaza at the 20th Annual Meeting International Association for Impact Assessment 19-23 June 2000, Hong Kong. Economics and Trade Unit (ETU) Working Paper, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE) of UNEP.

E. UNEP (2000) Trade Liberalisation and the Environment: A SYNTHESIS REPORT. United Nations Environment Programme, Economics and Trade Unit (ETU), Geneva. This report summarised lessons learned from national projects on the environmental impacts of sectoral trade liberalization in Bangladesh (shrimp), Chile (mining), India (automobile), Philippines (forestry), Romania (water) and Uganda (fisheries). A second round of national level studies are currently under preparation (contact .

F. Another valuable resource for examining issues at the intersection of trade and environment is the on-line Trade and Environment Database project sponsored by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and implemented by James R. Lee, professor at the School of International Service at American University in Washington, D.C. The site includes an extensive set of inter-linked case studies on trade impacts on the environment, plus details of "Exploring the Gaps: Vital Links Between Trade, Environment and Culture" by James R. Lee, which examines globalization through four critical periods in human history to show the disconnect that has occured in the natural relationship between trade, environment and culture.

G. The Office of the US Trade Representative and the Council on Environmental Quality have just released "Guidelines for Implementation of Executive Order 13141, Environmental Review of Trade Agreements" which outline a process for this kind of environmental review. These guidelines (19 pages) might provide a useful framework for biodiversity planners to work with ministries of trade and development to establish similar processes.

ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES
Guidelines and Reports on invasive alien species relevant to biodiversity planning This section contains some of the most important and relevant sets of guidelines and reports which could be used as resource materials for national planning for invasive alien species. A. The IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of Biodiversity Loss Caused by Alien and Invasive Species These guidelines have been formally adopted by the CBD CoP as providing the basic foundation upon which a national policy on invasive aliens could be prepared. As global guidelines, they would need to be adapted to suit the particular requirements of individual countries but they do provide a "bottom line" from which to get started. (Also available for download in French and Spanish) B. The IPPC Guidelines for Pest Eradication Programmes (1998) This standard provides guidance on the development of a pest eradication programme and for reviewing the procedures of an existing eradication programme. In most instances, the pests considered for these programmes have newly entered the area where eradication is undertaken, and emergency eradication measures may be needed. However, eradication programmes may also be directed toward established exotic pests or indigenous pests in defined areas. 17 pages. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Rome, Italy. C. The IPPC Code of Conduct of the Import and Release of Exotic Biological Control Agents (1996) The Code of Conduct for the Import and Release of Exotic Biological Control Agents lists the responsibilities of the authorities of governments, and the responsibilities of the exporters and importers of biological control agents. The Code addresses the importation of exotic biological control agents capable of self-replication (parasitoids, predators, parasites, phytophagous arthropods and pathogens) for research and/or release into the environment including those packaged or formulated as commercial products. 22 pages. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) , Rome, Italy. D. The IUCN Guidelines for Re-introductions (1995) Drafted by the Re-introduction Specialist Group of the IUCN's Species Survival Commission, in response to the increasing occurrence of re-introduction projects worldwide, and consequently, to the growing need for specific policy guidelines to help ensure that the re-introductions achieve their itended conservation benefit, and do not cause adverse side-effects of greater impact. These guidelines are intended to act as a guide for procedures useful to re-introduction programmes and do not represent an inflexible code of conduct. (Also available in Spanish and French) E. Guide to Monitoring Exotic and Invasive Plants (1997) Produced by Eric Haber (National Botanical Services) for the Ecological monitoring and Assessment Network, Environment Canada. 6. GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF SHIPS' BALLAST WATER TO MINIMIZE THE TRANSFER OF HARMFUL AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND PATHOGENS (1998 edition) IMO-661E The danger that potentially damaging organisms will be transferred between ports in ships' ballast water has been recognized for many years, and committees of IMO have produced guidelines on how to avoid it. Some of the methods used to exchange contaminated ballast water for clean water while a vessel is at sea themselves entai dangers, and these were addressed in MSC and MEPC circulars in June 1997. This publication contains the latest of the guidelines on avoiding the spread of potentially dangerous or damaging organisms. They were adopted by the IMO Assembly in November 1997 by resolution A.868(20), which superseded resolution A.774(18) of November 1993, Guidelines for Preventing the Introduction of Unwanted Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens from Ship's Ballast Water and Sediment Discharges). International Maritime Organisation (IMO). For purchase information, contact: info@imo.org Regional Reports Draft Invasive Species Strategy for the Pacific Islands Region (10 pages Word) (Excerpt) BACKGROUND Pacific Island countries are particularly vulnerable to the effects of invasive species. After habitat destruction or modification, invasive species are responsible for more species extinction than any other cause. Further, the rate of extinction of native species has been higher on islands than anywhere else in the world. Invasive species have also degraded native ecosystems. Mitigation of the effects of invasive species on biodiversity is best co-ordinated regionally. In response to this need, the New Zealand government funded an Invasive Species Programme managed by SPREP for three years starting September 1998, with the intention of extending funding for another three years after 2001. One of the objectives of the invasive species programme (agreed to by SPREP member countries) was to develop a strategy for invasive species for use by all countries and relevant agencies in the region. Thus this strategy is intended for use over five years from October 1999.
SECTORAL INTEGRATION
English: Guide to Developing a Biodiversity Strategy from a Sustainable Development Perspective French: Guide de planification strategique de la biodiversite dans une perspective de developpement durable Spanish: Guia para Desarrollar una Estrategia de Biodiversidad desde una Perspectiva de Desarrollo Sostenible	Full pdf file including cover pages: ENGLISH (size 2.16MB) FRENCH (size 2.14 MB) SPANISH (size 2.23 MB) Send an e-mail to BPSP to request a file be e-mailed to you	Shorter pdf file without cover pages: ENGLISH (size 1.33 MB) FRENCH (size 1.31 MB) Back to top of page
ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING
FINAL DOCUMENT Preparing a National Strategy on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing a pilot study by Kerry ten Kate & Adrian Wells, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.	Word	pdf file
Draft Guidelines on Access and Benefit-sharing regarding the Utilization of Genetic Resources UNEP/CBD/COP/5/INF/21 Swedish Scientific Council on Biological Diversity: "Fair and Equitable, Sharing the benefits from use of genetic resources and traditional knowledge", September 1999. (Marie Byström, Peter Einarsson, Gunnel Axelsson Nycander.) Word Document - 91 pages.
LAND USE AND LAND DEGRADATION
PLEC : Land Degradation - Guidelines for Field Assessment These Guidelines are designed to provide assistance to those interested in collecting measurements and assessments of land degradation rapidly in the field. They have a particular emphasis on the effects important to land users and a special focus on dialogue with farmers who can not only advise on what is important to them but also give the field assessor a continuous monitoring capability which would otherwise be missed in occasional field visits. Primary consideration is given to small-scale rainfed agriculture in the tropics because this covers the majority of situations and the largest numbers of rural people. While large-scale commercial agriculture is not specifically mentioned and rangeland and wetlands only briefly so, the principles that apply throughout these Guidelines will be of assistance.

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
1. Guidelines for the use of Economics Tools in Biodiversity Planning produced by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) (pdf documents) Economic Measures for Biodiversity Planning: An annotated Bibliography of Methods, Experiences and Cases (1MB pdf) A review of the literature on economic measures for biodiversity planningindexed by themes, region and country (73pp.) Economic Tools for Valuing Wetlands in Eastern Africa This manual provides a set of methods for valuing the economic benefits of wetlands. The application of these methods is illustrated with case studies from the Eastern Africa region. Economics and the Convention on Biological Diversity This short paper outlines the links between economics and the CBD, focusing on economic valuation, incentive measures, assessment and financing mechanisms. It provides a framework for integrating economic concerns into biodiversity planning. Using Economics for Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans in Eastern Africa This manual provides a framework and methodology for integrating economic concerns into NBSAPs, including economic policy analysis, valuation, cost and benefit distribution, incentive measures and financing mechanisms. The application of these methods is illustrated with case studies from the Eastern Africa region Using Economic Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation This document looks at the role of economic incentive measures in the CBD. It provides an overview of different types of incentive measures for biodiversity, illustrating each with case studies from around the world. Community-Based Economic Incentives for Nature Conservation This manual provides a framework for identifying, using and applying economic incentives measures to community based conservation. It also includes a list of relevant literature and a series of detailed case studies of the use of economic incentive measures for community nature conservation. Business and Biodiversity: A Guide for the Private Sector Economic Values of Protected Areas: Guidelines for Protected Area Managers Part I and Part II FINANCING PROTECTED AREAS: Guidelines for Protected Area Managers ***************************************** 2. The USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Center for Environmental Economics (NCEE) Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analyses establish a sound scientific framework for performing economic analyses of environmental regulations and policies. They incorporate recent advances in theoretical and applied work in the field of environmental economics. The Guidelines provide guidance on analyzing the economic impacts of regulations and policies, and assessing the distribution of costs and benefits among various segments of the population, with a particular focus on disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. Project Leader:Chris Dockins Tel: +1-202-260-5728; Fax: +1-202-260-2685/+1-260-5732 E-mail: dockins.chris@epa.gov	Send an e-mail to IUCN-EARO to request a file be e-mailed to you
TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT
A. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WT/CTE/W/155) 7 July 2000 (00-2800) Committee on Trade and Environment. UNEP STATEMENT AT THE INFORMATION SESSION WITH MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS (MEAS); Communication from UNEP on 5 JULY 2000 This 2 page document lays out UNEP's current position with regard to the interface between trade and environment. B. UNEP/IISD (2000) Environment and Trade: A Handbook. The United Nations Environment Programme; Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, Economics and Trade Unit, and the International Institute for Sustainable Development. The primary aim of this handbook is to foster a broader understanding of the interlinkages between trade and environment. A continually updated online version the handbook is available at http://www.unep.ch/etu and http://iisd.ca/trade/handbook – these sites provide links to on-line articles and analyses that go into greater depth than the printed version, which is available via SMI Distribution Services Ltd (e-mail: Anthony@smibooks.com) C. Nordström, Håkan and Scott Vaughan (1999) TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT. WTO SPECIAL STUDIES 4; Economic Research and Analysis Division of the WTO/Trade and Finance Division of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). A summary of this report may be found at the link and the full report (109pages; 1.3 MB pdf) can be downloaded from the same URL. D. Abaza, Hussein and Robert Hamwey (2000) Integrated Assessment as a Tool for Achieving Sustainable Trade Policies. Keynote Presentation presented by Hussein Abaza at the 20th Annual Meeting International Association for Impact Assessment 19-23 June 2000, Hong Kong. Economics and Trade Unit (ETU) Working Paper, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE) of UNEP. E. UNEP (2000) Trade Liberalisation and the Environment: A SYNTHESIS REPORT. United Nations Environment Programme, Economics and Trade Unit (ETU), Geneva. This report summarised lessons learned from national projects on the environmental impacts of sectoral trade liberalization in Bangladesh (shrimp), Chile (mining), India (automobile), Philippines (forestry), Romania (water) and Uganda (fisheries). A second round of national level studies are currently under preparation (contact . F. Another valuable resource for examining issues at the intersection of trade and environment is the on-line Trade and Environment Database project sponsored by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and implemented by James R. Lee, professor at the School of International Service at American University in Washington, D.C. The site includes an extensive set of inter-linked case studies on trade impacts on the environment, plus details of "Exploring the Gaps: Vital Links Between Trade, Environment and Culture" by James R. Lee, which examines globalization through four critical periods in human history to show the disconnect that has occured in the natural relationship between trade, environment and culture. G. The Office of the US Trade Representative and the Council on Environmental Quality have just released "Guidelines for Implementation of Executive Order 13141, Environmental Review of Trade Agreements" which outline a process for this kind of environmental review. These guidelines (19 pages) might provide a useful framework for biodiversity planners to work with ministries of trade and development to establish similar processes.